NAV

Hydrocodone

Identification

Summary

Hydrocodoneis an opioid agonist used as an analgesic and antitussive agent.

Brand Names
Dalmacol、Hycet Hycodan、Hydromet Hysingla Lorcet, Lortab, Norco, Obredon, Reprexain, Tussicaps, Tussionex, Vicoprofen, Xodol, Zamicet, Zohydro, Zydone
Generic Name
Hydrocodone
DrugBank Accession Number
DB00956
Background

Hydrocodone is a synthetic opioid derivative of codeine.14It is commonly used in combination with18beplay下载 to control moderate to severe pain. Historically, hydrocodone has been used as a cough suppressant although this has largely been replaced bydextromethorphanin current cough and cold formulations. Hydrocodone's more potent metabolite,hydromorphonehas also found wide use as an analgesic and is frequently used in cases of severe pain. The FDA first approved Hydrocodone for use as part of the cough suppressant syrup Hycodan in March of 1943.17

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Illicit, Investigational
Structure
 3D
Similar Structures
Weight
Average: 299.3642
Monoisotopic: 299.152143543
Chemical Formula
C18H21NO3
Synonyms
  • (-)-Dihydrocodeinone
  • 4,5-alpha-Epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one
  • Dihydrocodeinone
  • Hidrocodona
  • Hydrocodon
  • Hydrocodone
  • Hydrocodonum
  • Hydrocone
  • Hydroconum
  • Idrocodone
External IDs
  • NSC-19044

Pharmacology

Indication

Hydrocodone is indicated for the management of acute pain, sometimes in combination with18beplay下载 oribuprofen, as well as the symptomatic treatment of the common cold and allergic rhinitis in combination with decongestants, antihistamines, and expectorants.Label,16

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Associated Conditions
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Hydrocodone inhibits pain signaling in both the spinal cord and brain12. Its actions in the brain also produce euphoria, respiratory depression, and sedation.

Mechanism of action

Hydrocodone binds to the mu opioid receptor (MOR) with the highest affinity followed by the delta opioid receptors (DOR).13Hydrocodone's agonist effect at the MOR is considered to contribute the most to its analgesic effects. Both MOR and DOR are Gi/o coupled and and produces its signal through activation of inward rectifier potassium (GIRK) channels, inhibition of voltage gated calcium channel opening, and decreased adenylyl cyclase activity.14In the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, activation of pre-synaptic MOR on primary afferents the inhibition of calcium channel opening and increased activity of GIRK channels hyperpolarizes the neuron and prevents release of neurotransmitters. Post-synaptic MOR can also prevent activation of neurons by glutamate through the aforementioned mechanisms.

Hydrocodone can also produce several actions in the brain similarly to other opioids. Activation of MOR in the periaquaductal gray (PAG) inhibits the GABAergic tone on medulo-spinal neurons.14,12This allows these neurons, which project to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, to suppress pain signalling in secondary afferents by activating inhibitory interneurons. MOR can also inhibit GABAergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area, removing the inhibitory tone on dopaminergic neurons in the nucleus accumbens and contributing to the activation of the brain's reward and addiction pathway. The inhibitory action or MOR likely contributes to respiratory depression, sedation, and suppression of the cough reflex.

Activation of DOR may contribute to analgesia through the above mechanisms but has not been well studied.12

Target Actions Organism
AMu-type opioid receptor
agonist
 Humans
ADelta-type opioid receptor
agonist
 Humans
USigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1
ligand
 Humans
Absorption

The absolute bioavailability of hydrocodone has not been characterized due to lack of an IV formulation. The liquid formulations of hydrocodone have a Tmax of 0.83-1.33 h.3,5The extended release tablet formulations have a Tmax of 14-16 h.LabelThe Cmax remains dose proportional over the range of 2.5-10 mg in liquid formulations and 20-120 mg in extended release formulations.3,5,LabelAdministration with food increases Cmax by about 27% while Tmax and AUC remain the same.6Administration with 40% ethanol has been observed to increase Cmax 2-fold with an approximate 20% increase in AUC with no change in Tmax. 20% alcohol produces no significant effect.

Volume of distribution

The apparent volume of distribution ranges widely in published literature. The official FDA labeling reports a value of 402 L.LabelPharmacokinetic studies report values from 210-714 L with higher values associated with higher doses or single dose studies and lower values associated with lower doses and multiple dose studies.2,3,4,5Hydrocodone has been observed in human breast milk at levels equivalent to 1.6% of the maternal dosage.11Only 12 of the 30 women studied had detectable concentrations of hydromorphone at mean levels of 0.3 mcg/kg/day.

Protein binding

Hydrocodone is 36% bound to plasma proteins.Label

Metabolism

Hydrocodone undergoes oxidative O-demethylation to formhydromorphone, a more potent active metabolite.8Though hydromorphone is active it is not present in sufficient quantities to contribute significantly to hydrocodone's therapeutic effects.1Both hydrocodone and hydromorphone form 6-α- and 6-β-hydroxy metabolites through 6-ketoreduction. The hydroxy metabolites and hydromorphone can form glucuronide conjugates. Hydrocodone also undergoes oxidative N-demthylation to norhydrocodone. O-demethylation is primarily catalyzed by CYP2D6 while N-demethylation is primarily CYP3A4.9

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Route of elimination

Most hydrocodone appears to be eliminated via a non-renal route as renal clearance is substantially lower than total apparent clearance.LabelHepatic metabolism may account for a portion of this, however the slight increase in serum concentration and AUC seen in hepatic impairment indicates a different primary route of elimination.

Half-life

The half-life of elimination reported for hydrocodone is 7-9 h.Label,6,10

Clearance

Official FDA labeling reports an apparent clearance of 83 L/h.LabelPharmacokinetic studies report values ranging from 24.5-58.8 L/h largely dependent on CYP2D6 metabolizer status.2,3,4,5

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Overdosage with hydrocodone presents as opioid intoxication including respiratory depression, somnolence, coma, skeletal muscle flaccidity, cold and clammy skin, constricted pupils, pulmonary edema, bradycardia, hypotension, partial or complete airway obstruction, atypical snoring, and death.15

In case of oversdosage the foremost priority is the maintenance of a patent and protected airway with the provision of assisted ventilation if necessary. Supportive measures such as IV fluids, supplemental oxygen, and vasopressors may be used to manage circulatory shock.15Advanced life support may be necessary in the case of cardiac arrest or arrhythmias. Opioid antagonists such asnaloxonemay be used to reverse the respiratory and circulatory effects of hydrocodone. Emergency monitoring is still required after naloxone administration as the opioid effects may reappear. Additionally, if used in an opioid tolerant patient, naloxone may produce opioid withdrawal symptoms.

巴勒斯坦权力机构thways
巴勒斯坦权力机构thway Category
Hydrocodone Action Pathway Drug action
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRsBrowse all" title="" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Not Available

Interactions

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This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction
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1,2-Benzodiazepine 1,2-Benzodiazepine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Hydrocodone.
Abametapir The serum concentration of Hydrocodone can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
Abatacept The metabolism of Hydrocodone can be increased when combined with Abatacept.
Abiraterone The metabolism of Hydrocodone can be decreased when combined with Abiraterone.
Acebutolol The metabolism of Hydrocodone can be decreased when combined with Acebutolol.
Acetazolamide Acetazolamide may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Hydrocodone.
Acetophenazine Acetophenazine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Hydrocodone.
Aclidinium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Aclidinium is combined with Hydrocodone.
Adalimumab The metabolism of Hydrocodone can be increased when combined with Adalimumab.
Agomelatine Agomelatine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Hydrocodone.
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Food Interactions
  • Avoid alcohol. Profound CNS depression, including sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may occur.
  • Take with or without food. Cmax and AUC are not altered by food in a clinically significant way.

Products

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Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key
Hydrocodone bitartrate NO70W886KK 34195-34-1 JMBRWJAVUIITGV-LNNMZZBZSA-N
Hydrocodone hydrochloride QKZ0920OV3 25968-91-6 GCJAEXSZUXBMFS-RNWHKREASA-N
Hydrocodone polistirex Not Available Not Available Not applicable
Product Images
Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image
Hycodan Syrup 糖浆 5 mg / 5 mL Oral Bristol Myers Squibb 1992-12-31 2017-07-14 Canada flag
Hycodan Tablets Tablet 5 mg Oral Bristol Myers Squibb 1992-12-31 2017-08-18 Canada flag
Hysingla ER Tablet, extended release 80 mg/1 Oral Purdue Pharma LP 2015-01-15 Not applicable US flag
Hysingla ER Tablet, extended release 40 mg/1 Oral Purdue Pharma LP 2015-01-15 Not applicable US flag
Hysingla ER Tablet, extended release 120 mg/1 Oral Purdue Pharma LP 2015-01-15 Not applicable US flag
Hysingla ER Tablet, extended release 60 mg/1 Oral Purdue Pharma LP 2015-01-15 Not applicable US flag
Hysingla ER Tablet, extended release 20 mg/1 Oral Purdue Pharma LP 2015-01-15 Not applicable US flag
Hysingla ER Tablet, extended release 100 mg/1 Oral Purdue Pharma LP 2015-01-15 Not applicable US flag
Hysingla ER Tablet, extended release 30 mg/1 Oral Purdue Pharma LP 2015-01-15 Not applicable US flag
Robidone 1mg/ml Syr 糖浆 1 mg / mL Oral Wyeth Ayerst Canada Inc. 1993-12-31 2001-11-06 Canada flag
Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image
Hydrocodone Bitartrate Tablet, extended release 20 mg/1 Oral Alvogen Inc. 2021-03-03 Not applicable US flag
Hydrocodone Bitartrate Capsule, extended release 30 mg/1 Oral Persion Pharmaceuticals LLC 2013-10-25 Not applicable US flag
Hydrocodone Bitartrate Capsule, extended release 10 mg/1 Oral Alvogen Inc. 2020-01-21 Not applicable US flag
Hydrocodone Bitartrate Capsule, extended release 10 mg/1 Oral Persion Pharmaceuticals LLC 2013-10-25 Not applicable US flag
Hydrocodone Bitartrate Tablet, extended release 100 mg/1 Oral Alvogen Inc. 2021-03-03 Not applicable US flag
Hydrocodone Bitartrate Capsule, extended release 30 mg/1 Oral Alvogen Inc. 2020-01-21 Not applicable US flag
Hydrocodone Bitartrate Tablet, extended release 40 mg/1 Oral Alvogen Inc. 2021-03-03 Not applicable US flag
Hydrocodone Bitartrate Capsule, extended release 50 mg/1 Oral Persion Pharmaceuticals LLC 2013-10-25 Not applicable US flag
Hydrocodone Bitartrate Capsule, extended release 20 mg/1 Oral Persion Pharmaceuticals LLC 2013-10-25 Not applicable US flag
Hydrocodone Bitartrate Tablet, extended release 120 mg/1 Oral Alvogen Inc. 2021-03-03 Not applicable US flag
Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image
ACETAMINOFÉN / HIDROCODONA BITARTRATO 325 MG / 5 MG TABLETAS Hydrocodone bitartrate(5 mg)+18beplay下载 (325 mg) Tablet Oral SANOFI - AVENTIS DE COLOMBIA S.A 2021-09-02 Not applicable Colombia flag
Antitussive hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide Hydrocodone bitartrate(5 mg/1)+Homatropine methylbromide(1.5 mg/1) Tablet Oral Actavis Totowa LLC 2001-01-01 2008-08-20 US flag
BALANDOF® 5 - 325TABLETAS Hydrocodone bitartrate(5 mg)+18beplay下载 (325 mg) Tablet Oral CLARIPACK S.A 2017-11-14 Not applicable Colombia flag
BALANDOF® 7.5 - 325 Hydrocodone bitartrate(7.5 mg)+18beplay下载 (325 mg) Tablet Oral CLARIPACKS.A 2017-11-14 Not applicable Colombia flag
Caldomine Dh Adulte Hydrocodone bitartrate(5 mg / 5 mL)+Mepyramine maleate(12.5 mg / 5 mL)+Pheniramine maleate(12.5 mg / 5 mL)+Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride(25 mg / 5 mL) Liquid Oral Technilab Pharma Inc. 1981-12-31 2001-04-04 Canada flag
Caldomine Dh Enfant Hydrocodone bitartrate(1.667 mg / 5 mL)+Mepyramine maleate(6.25 mg / 5 mL)+Pheniramine maleate(6.25 mg / 5 mL)+Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride(12.5 mg / 5 mL) Liquid Oral Technilab Pharma Inc. 1982-12-31 2001-04-04 Canada flag
Co-gesic Hydrocodone bitartrate(5 mg/1)+18beplay下载 (500 mg/1) Tablet Oral Kremers Urban 1982-05-31 2014-01-14 US flag
Codofen Hydrocodone bitartrate(7.5 mg)+Ibuprofen(200 mg) Tablet Oral 巴勒斯坦权力机构ladin Labs Inc Not applicable Not applicable Canada flag
Coristine-DH Liq Hydrocodone bitartrate(1.7 mg / 5 mL)+Phenylephrine hydrochloride(10 mg / 5 mL) 糖浆 Oral Technilab Pharma Inc. 1988-12-31 2006-07-28 Canada flag
Dalmacol Hydrocodone bitartrate5(1.65毫克/毫升)+Doxylamine succinate(6 mg / 5 mL)+Etafedrine hydrochloride(16.65 mg / 5 mL)+Ethanol(0.25 mL / 5 mL)+Sodium citrate(200 mg / 5 mL) 糖浆 Oral Laboratoire Riva Inc. 1997-03-26 Not applicable Canada flag
Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image
Atuss HS Tannate Hydrocodone bitartrate(5 mg/5mL)+Chlorpheniramine maleate(4 mg/5mL)+Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride(30 mg/5mL) Suspension Oral Atley Pharmaceuticals 2006-11-21 2009-08-03 US flag
氢可酮/东西 Hydrocodone bitartrate(2.5 mg/1)+Guaifenesin(300 mg/1) Tablet Oral Physicians Total Care, Inc. 2005-12-20 2007-10-31 US flag
HyTan Hydrocodone(5 mg/5mL)+Chlorpheniramine tannate(4 mg/5mL) Suspension Oral Prasco, Laboratories 2006-05-31 2007-12-31 US flag
P-Tuss Hydrocodone bitartrate(5 mg/5mL)+Potassium guaiacolsulfonate(300 mg/5mL) Liquid Oral Prasco, Laboratories 2010-12-01 2011-01-21 US flag
巴勒斯坦权力机构ncof HC Hydrocodone bitartrate(3 mg/5mL)+Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride(15 mg/5mL) 糖浆 Oral Physicians Total Care, Inc. 2007-02-02 2007-10-31 US flag
Theracodophen-325 Hydrocodone bitartrate(10 mg/1)+18beplay下载 (325 mg/1)+gamma-Aminobutyric acid(100 mg/1) Kit Oral Physician Therapeutics Llc 2011-02-08 Not applicable US flag
Theracodophen-650 Hydrocodone bitartrate(10 mg/1)+18beplay下载 (650 mg/1)+gamma-Aminobutyric acid(100 mg/1) Kit Oral Physician Therapeutics Llc 2011-03-06 Not applicable US flag
Theracodophen-750 Hydrocodone bitartrate(7.5 mg/1)+18beplay下载 (750 mg/1)+gamma-Aminobutyric acid(100 mg/1) Kit Oral Physician Therapeutics Llc 2011-02-09 Not applicable US flag
Theracodophen-Low-90 Hydrocodone bitartrate(5 mg/1)+18beplay下载 (500 mg/1)+gamma-Aminobutyric acid(100 mg/1) Kit Oral Physician Therapeutics Llc 2011-02-02 Not applicable US flag
Topical Pain Hydrocodone(0.1 g/100mL)+Diazepam(0.1 g/100mL)+Ibuprofen(0.1 g/100mL)+Tramadol(0.1 g/100mL) Cream Topical Dr Marc's Manufacturing And Sales 2016-02-23 2018-04-17 US flag

Categories

ATC Codes
R05DA03 — Hydrocodone
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided byClassyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as morphinans. These are polycyclic compounds with a four-ring skeleton with three condensed six-member rings forming a partially hydrogenated phenanthrene moiety, one of which is aromatic while the two others are alicyclic.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Alkaloids and derivatives
Class
Morphinans
Sub Class
Not Available
Direct Parent
Morphinans
Alternative Parents
Phenanthrenes and derivatives/Isoquinolones and derivatives/Tetralins/Coumarans/Anisoles/Aralkylamines/Alkyl aryl ethers/Piperidines/Trialkylamines/Ketones
show 5 more
Substituents
Alkyl aryl ether/Amine/Anisole/Aralkylamine/Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound/Azacycle/Benzenoid/Carbonyl group/Coumaran/Ether
show 17 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
organic heteropentacyclic compound (CHEBI:5779)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
6YKS4Y3WQ7
CAS number
125-29-1
InChI Key
LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-CMKMFDCUSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C18H21NO3/c1-19-8-7-18-11-4-5-13(20)17(18)22-16-14(21-2)6-3-10(15(16)18)9-12(11)19/h3,6,11-12,17H,4-5,7-9H2,1-2H3/t11-,12+,17-,18-/m0/s1
IUPAC Name
(1S,5R,13R,17R)-10-methoxy-4-methyl-12-oxa-4-azapentacyclo[9.6.1.0^{1,13}.0^{5,17}.0^{7,18}]octadeca-7(18),8,10-trien-14-one
SMILES
[H][C@@]12OC3=C(OC)C=CC4=C3[C@@]11CCN(C)[C@]([H])(C4)[C@]1([H])CCC2=O

References

Synthesis Reference

Anne M. Hailes, Christopher E. French, Neil C. Bruce, "Morphinone reductase for the preparation of hydromorphone and hydrocodone." U.S. Patent US5571685, issued November, 1990.

 US5571685
一般References
  1. Melhem MR, Rubino CM, Farr SJ, Robinson CY: Population pharmacokinetic analysis for hydrocodone following the administration of hydrocodone bitartrate extended-release capsules. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2013 Oct;52(10):907-17. doi: 10.1007/s40262-013-0081-6. [Article]
  2. Linares OA, Fudin J, Daly AL, Boston RC: Individualized Hydrocodone Therapy Based on Phenotype, Pharmacogenetics, and Pharmacokinetic Dosing. Clin J Pain. 2015 Dec;31(12):1026-35. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000214. [Article]
  3. Liu W, Dutta S, Kearns G, Awni W, Neville KA: Pharmacokinetics of hydrocodone/acetaminophen combination product in children ages 6-17 with moderate to moderately severe postoperative pain. J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 Feb;55(2):204-11. doi: 10.1002/jcph.394. Epub 2014 Sep 26. [Article]
  4. Otton SV, Schadel M, Cheung SW, Kaplan HL, Busto UE, Sellers EM: CYP2D6 phenotype determines the metabolic conversion of hydrocodone to hydromorphone. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1993 Nov;54(5):463-72. doi: 10.1038/clpt.1993.177. [Article]
  5. , Zhu X, Qiu C, Shang D, Zhang Y, Xiong L, Wen Y: Pharmacokinetics of guaifenesin, pseudoephedrine and hydrocodone in a combination oral liquid formulation, administered as single and multiple doses in healthy Chinese volunteers, and comparison with data for individual compounds formulated as Antuss(R). Xenobiotica. 2017 Oct;47(10):870-878. doi: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1241451. Epub 2016 Oct 24. [Article]
  6. Farr SJ, Robinson CY, Rubino CM: Effects of food and alcohol on the pharmacokinetics of an oral, extended-release formulation of hydrocodone in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacol. 2015 Jan 19;7:1-9. doi: 10.2147/CPAA.S70831. eCollection 2015. [Article]
  7. Cardia L, Calapai G, Quattrone D, Mondello C, Arcoraci V, Calapai F, Mannucci C, Mondello E: Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology of Hydrocodone for Chronic Pain: A Mini Review. Front Pharmacol. 2018 Oct 1;9:1122. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01122. eCollection 2018. [Article]
  8. Cone EJ, Darwin WD, Gorodetzky CW, Tan T: Comparative metabolism of hydrocodone in man, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, and dog. Drug Metab Dispos. 1978 Jul-Aug;6(4):488-93. [Article]
  9. Hutchinson MR, Menelaou A, Foster DJ, Coller JK, Somogyi AA: CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 involvement in the primary oxidative metabolism of hydrocodone by human liver microsomes. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2004 Mar;57(3):287-97. [Article]
  10. Kapil RP, Cipriano A, Wen W, Yu Lynch S, He E, Colucci SV, Harris SC: Pharmacokinetic Profile and Sustained 24-hour Analgesia of a Once-daily Hydrocodone Bitartrate Extended-release Tablet with Abuse-deterrent Properties. Clin Ther. 2016 Feb;38(2):302-14. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.12.003. Epub 2015 Dec 31. [Article]
  11. Sauberan JB,安德森阿宝,弄小,Rafie年代,阮N, Rossi SS, Stellwagen LM: Breast milk hydrocodone and hydromorphone levels in mothers using hydrocodone for postpartum pain. Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Mar;117(3):611-7. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31820ca504. [Article]
  12. Trescot AM, Datta S, Lee M, Hansen H: Opioid pharmacology. Pain Physician. 2008 Mar;11(2 Suppl):S133-53. [Article]
  13. Olson KM, Duron DI, Womer D, Fell R, Streicher JM: Comprehensive molecular pharmacology screening reveals potential new receptor interactions for clinically relevant opioids. PLoS One. 2019 Jun 6;14(6):e0217371. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217371. eCollection 2019. [Article]
  14. Brunton LL, Hilal-Dandan R, Knollmann BC. eds (2018). Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (13th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. [ISBN:978-1-25-958473-2]
  15. FDA Label: Hydrocodone Tab ER [Link]
  16. DPD Monograph: Dimetane Syrup [Link]
  17. Drugs@FDA: Hycodan [Link]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0015091
KEGG Drug
D08045
KEGG Compound
C08024
PubChem Compound
5284569
PubChem Substance
46506225
ChemSpider
4447623
BindingDB
50386689
RxNav
5489
ChEBI
5779
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1457
ZINC
ZINC000001280665
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP000253
PharmGKB
PA449900
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Wikipedia
Hydrocodone
FDA label
Download (496 KB)
MSDS
Download (48.8 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical TrialsLearn More" title="" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count
4 Completed Not Available 巴勒斯坦权力机构in, Chronic 1
4 Completed Basic Science Driving Behavior 1
4 Completed Supportive Care Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) 1
4 Completed Treatment Alzheimer's Disease (AD)/Dementia/巴勒斯坦权力机构in/Vascular Dementia (VaD) 1
4 Completed Treatment Constipation/Narcotics Use/Nausea/巴勒斯坦权力机构in 1
4 Completed Treatment Kidney Stones 1
4 Completed Treatment Non-steroidal Ant Inflammatory Drugs/Opioids Use/Rhinoplasty 1
4 Completed Treatment Opioids Use/Postoperative pain 1
4 Completed Treatment 巴勒斯坦权力机构in 3
4 Completed Treatment 巴勒斯坦权力机构in Control After Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery and Septoplasty 1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
巴勒斯坦权力机构ckagers
  • Abbott Laboratories Ltd.
  • Actavis Group
  • AG Marin Pharmaceuticals
  • Aidarex Pharmacuticals LLC
  • Altura Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Amerisource Health Services Corp.
  • Amneal Pharmaceuticals
  • Andrx Laboratories Inc.
  • Apotheca Inc.
  • A-S Medication Solutions LLC
  • Auriga Pharmaceuticals LLC
  • BASF Corp.
  • Blenheim Pharmacal
  • Brighton Pharmaceuticals
  • Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.
  • Bryant Ranch Prepack
  • Caraco Pharmaceutical Labs
  • Cardinal Health
  • Caremark LLC
  • Comfortpak Inc.
  • Corepharma LLC
  • Cypress Pharmaceutical Inc.
  • D.M. Graham Laboratories Inc.
  • Dartmouth Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Deltex Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Direct Dispensing Inc.
  • Dispensing Solutions
  • Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
  • Econolab Inc.
  • ECR Pharmaceuticals
  • Edwards Pharmaceuticals
  • Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Everett Laboratories Inc.
  • Gm Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Great Southern Laboratories
  • H.J. Harkins Co. Inc.
  • Hampton Laine LLC
  • Hawthorn Pharmaceuticals
  • Heartland Repack Services LLC
  • Hi Tech Pharmacal Co. Inc.
  • Innoviant Pharmacy Inc.
  • Iopharm Laboratories Inc.
  • Ivax Pharmaceuticals
  • JMI Daniels Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Kaiser Foundation Hospital
  • Keltman Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • King Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • KV Pharmaceutical Co.
  • Lake Erie Medical and Surgical Supply
  • Larken Laboratories Inc.
  • Liberty Pharmaceuticals
  • Llorens Pharmaceutical
  • Magna Pharmaceuticals
  • Major Pharmaceuticals
  • Mallinckrodt Inc.
  • Marnel Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Mason Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Mckesson Corp.
  • MCR American Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Medvantx Inc.
  • Mikart Inc.
  • Monarch Pharmacy
  • Monte Sano Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
  • Nippon Protein Co. Ltd.
  • Novartis AG
  • Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Ohm Laboratories Inc.
  • 巴勒斯坦权力机构lmetto Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • 巴勒斯坦权力机构mlab LLC
  • 巴勒斯坦权力机构tient First Corp.
  • PCA LLC
  • PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Pharmaceutical Association
  • Pharmedix
  • Pharmpak Inc.
  • Physicians Total Care Inc.
  • Poly Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Prasco Labs
  • Preferred Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Prepackage Specialists
  • Prepak Systems Inc.
  • Provident Pharmaceuticals LLC
  • Qualitest
  • Ranbaxy Laboratories
  • Rebel Distributors Corp.
  • Redpharm Drug
  • Remedy Repack
  • Sandhills Packaging Inc.
  • Sandoz
  • Schwarz Pharma Inc.
  • Seatrace Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Southwood Pharmaceuticals
  • Sovereign Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
  • St Mary's Medical Park Pharmacy
  • Stat Rx Usa
  • Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
  • Superior Pharmeceuticals
  • Talbert Medical Management Corp.
  • Teamm Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • UCB Pharma
  • UDL Laboratories
  • United Research Laboratories Inc.
  • Va Cmop Dallas
  • Veratex Corp.
  • Victory Pharma
  • Vintage Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Vistapharm Inc.
  • Watson Pharmaceuticals
  • Wockhardt Ltd.
  • WraSer Pharmaceuticals
  • Xanodyne Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Zyber Pharmaceuticals
Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength
Suspension Oral
Tablet Oral 5 mg
Capsule Oral
Elixir Oral
Solution Oral
Tablet Oral
Tablet Oral 5 mg/1
Tablet, film coated Oral
Tablet, extended release Oral 100 mg/1
Tablet, extended release Oral 120 mg/1
Tablet, extended release Oral 20 mg/1
Tablet, extended release Oral 40 mg/1
Tablet, extended release Oral 80 mg/1
糖浆 Oral
糖浆 Oral 5 mg / 5 mL
糖浆 Oral 1 mg / mL
Kit Oral
Cream Topical
Capsule, extended release Oral
Tablet, extended release Oral
Suspension, extended release Oral
Tablet, extended release Oral 15 mg/1
Tablet, extended release Oral 30 mg/1
Tablet, extended release Oral 45 mg/1
Tablet, extended release Oral 60 mg/1
Tablet, extended release Oral 90 mg/1
Tablet, coated Oral
Liquid Oral
Capsule, extended release Oral 10 mg/1
Capsule, extended release Oral 15 mg/1
Capsule, extended release Oral 20 mg/1
Capsule, extended release Oral 30 mg/1
Capsule, extended release Oral 40 mg/1
Capsule, extended release Oral 50 mg/1
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen 7.5-500 mg/15ml Solution 473ml Bottle 60.97USD bottle
Hydrocodone-Ibuprofen 7.5-200 mg tablet 1.13USD tablet
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen 10-750 mg tablet 1.1USD tablet
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen 7.5-325 mg tablet 0.63USD tablet
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen 10-325 mg tablet 0.57USD tablet
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen 5-325 mg tablet 0.57USD tablet
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen 10-660 mg tablet 0.53USD tablet
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen 10-500 mg tablet 0.5USD tablet
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen 10-650 mg tablet 0.47USD tablet
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen 7.5-500 mg tablet 0.47USD tablet
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen 2.5-500 mg tablet 0.43USD tablet
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen 7.5-750 mg tablet 0.43USD tablet
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen 5-500 mg tablet 0.4USD tablet
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen 7.5-650 mg tablet 0.16USD tablet
Hydrocodone-Homatropine 5-1.5 mg/5ml Syrup 0.15USD ml
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
巴勒斯坦权力机构tents
巴勒斯坦权力机构tent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region
US9265760 No 2016-02-23 2033-07-23 US flag
US6599531 No 2003-07-29 2017-06-10 US flag
US6348216 No 2002-02-19 2017-06-10 US flag
US6228398 No 2001-05-08 2019-11-01 US flag
US8309060 No 2012-11-13 2023-11-20 US flag
US6488963 No 2002-12-03 2017-06-24 US flag
US9060940 No 2015-06-23 2021-10-30 US flag
US8808740 No 2014-08-19 2031-12-21 US flag
US6733783 No 2004-05-11 2021-10-30 US flag
US9095614 No 2015-08-04 2027-08-24 US flag
US9095615 No 2015-08-04 2027-08-24 US flag
US8361499 No 2013-01-29 2021-10-30 US flag
US9084816 No 2015-07-21 2027-08-24 US flag
US9205056 No 2015-12-08 2021-10-30 US flag
US8647667 No 2014-02-11 2021-10-30 US flag
US9198863 No 2015-12-01 2021-10-30 US flag
US9289391 No 2016-03-22 2021-10-30 US flag
US9056052 No 2015-06-16 2021-10-30 US flag
US8529948 No 2013-09-10 2022-08-06 US flag
US8551520 No 2013-10-08 2021-10-30 US flag
US9023401 No 2015-05-05 2021-10-30 US flag
US9326982 No 2016-05-03 2033-07-25 US flag
US6902742 No 2005-06-07 2019-11-01 US flag
US9132096 No 2015-09-15 2034-09-12 US flag
US9492389 No 2016-11-15 2027-08-24 US flag
US9492391 No 2016-11-15 2027-08-24 US flag
US9549907 No 2017-01-24 2035-11-13 US flag
US9572804 No 2017-02-21 2020-10-30 US flag
US9669023 No 2017-06-06 2020-10-30 US flag
US9486412 No 2016-11-08 2027-08-24 US flag
US9669024 No 2017-06-06 2020-10-30 US flag
US9572779 No 2017-02-21 2031-12-21 US flag
US9486413 No 2016-11-08 2027-08-24 US flag
US9517236 No 2016-12-13 2020-10-30 US flag
US9492390 No 2016-11-15 2027-08-24 US flag
US9675611 No 2017-06-13 2020-10-30 US flag
US9682077 No 2017-06-20 2020-10-30 US flag
US9545380 No 2017-01-17 2027-08-24 US flag
US9333201 No 2016-05-10 2033-07-25 US flag
US9610286 No 2017-04-04 2033-07-25 US flag
US9452163 No 2016-09-27 2034-09-12 US flag
US9486451 No 2016-11-08 2034-09-12 US flag
US9339499 No 2016-05-17 2033-07-25 US flag
US9421200 No 2016-08-23 2033-07-25 US flag
US9433619 No 2016-09-06 2033-07-25 US flag
US9675610 No 2017-06-13 2023-06-16 US flag
US9572803 No 2017-02-21 2027-09-13 US flag
US9216176 No 2015-12-22 2027-09-13 US flag
US8445018 No 2013-05-21 2029-07-31 US flag
US9713611 No 2017-07-25 2034-09-12 US flag
US9763933 No 2017-09-19 2027-08-24 US flag
US9770416 No 2017-09-26 2027-08-24 US flag
US9775809 No 2017-10-03 2027-08-24 US flag
US9750703 No 2017-09-05 2031-12-21 US flag
US9861584 No 2018-01-09 2031-12-21 US flag
US9872837 No 2018-01-23 2031-12-21 US flag
US10028946 No 2018-07-24 2033-07-25 US flag
US10092559 No 2018-10-09 2034-09-12 US flag
US10130591 No 2018-11-20 2023-11-20 US flag
US9808431 No 2017-11-07 2035-11-13 US flag
US10105324 No 2018-10-23 2035-11-13 US flag
US10369109 No 2019-08-06 2023-06-16 US flag
US10322120 No 2019-06-18 2033-07-25 US flag
US10456393 No 2019-10-29 2033-07-25 US flag
US10722511 No 2020-07-28 2033-07-25 US flag
US11304909 No 2007-08-24 2027-08-24 US flag
US11304908 No 2007-08-24 2027-08-24 US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
melting point (°C) 198 °C PhysProp
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
Water Solubility 0.797 mg/mL ALOGPS
logP 2.13 ALOGPS
logP 1.96 Chemaxon
logS -2.6 ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic) 19.44 Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic) 9.17 Chemaxon
Physiological Charge 1 Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count 4 Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count 0 Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area 38.77 Å2 Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count 1 Chemaxon
Refractivity 82.74 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon
Polarizability 32.03 Å3 Chemaxon
Number of Rings 5 Chemaxon
Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon
Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon
Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon
Veber's Rule Yes Chemaxon
MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability
Human Intestinal Absorption + 1.0
Blood Brain Barrier + 0.9984
Caco-2 permeable + 0.8621
P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.8253
P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Inhibitor 0.6425
P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.8664
Renal organic cation transporter Inhibitor 0.6604
CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8546
CYP450 2D6 substrate Substrate 0.8997
CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.8168
CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.8207
CYP450 2 c9抑制剂 Non-inhibitor 0.9412
CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.6629
CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8402
CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.7625
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.8675
Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.7735
Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.9419
Biodegradation 没有准备好biodegradable 0.984
Rat acute toxicity 3.0914 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9024
hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.8165
ADMET data is predicted usingadmetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Download (10.3 KB)
Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS Not Available
Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization) MS splash10-0005-6970000000-3ba3e105098639cd6091
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0udi-0009000000-f21858df54194757e2d9
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0udi-0009000000-9b129b5d29df52345272
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0udi-0649000000-82623b23b75f0a0b232d
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0002-0920000000-b67ff5a32d0ddd40c4c7
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-006t-0900000000-0277ba7435a4081ab333
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0g6v-0900000000-b335c52fad1274cd28cb

Targets

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Details 1.Mu-type opioid receptor
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Voltage-gated calcium channel activity
Specific Function
Receptor for endogenous opioids such as beta-endorphin and endomorphin. Receptor for natural and synthetic opioids including morphine, heroin, DAMGO, fentanyl, etorphine, buprenorphin and methadone...
Gene Name
OPRM1
Uniprot ID
P35372
Uniprot Name
Mu-type opioid receptor
分子量
44778.855 Da
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
  2. Kotzer CJ, Hay DW, Dondio G, Giardina G, Petrillo P, Underwood DC: The antitussive activity of delta-opioid receptor stimulation in guinea pigs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Feb;292(2):803-9. [Article]
  3. Peckham EM, Traynor JR: Comparison of the antinociceptive response to morphine and morphine-like compounds in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 Mar;316(3):1195-201. Epub 2005 Nov 16. [Article]
  4. 的母鸡HH, Friderichs E,施耐德J:受体binding, analgesic and antitussive potency of tramadol and other selected opioids. Arzneimittelforschung. 1988 Jul;38(7):877-80. [Article]
  5. Thompson CM, Wojno H, Greiner E, May EL, Rice KC, Selley DE: Activation of G-proteins by morphine and codeine congeners: insights to the relevance of O- and N-demethylated metabolites at mu- and delta-opioid receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Feb;308(2):547-54. Epub 2003 Nov 4. [Article]
  6. Stoops WW, Hatton KW, Lofwall MR, Nuzzo PA, Walsh SL: Intravenous oxycodone, hydrocodone, and morphine in recreational opioid users: abuse potential and relative potencies. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2010 Oct;212(2):193-203. doi: 10.1007/s00213-010-1942-4. Epub 2010 Jul 28. [Article]
  7. Walsh SL, Nuzzo PA, Lofwall MR, Holtman JR Jr: The relative abuse liability of oral oxycodone, hydrocodone and hydromorphone assessed in prescription opioid abusers. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008 Dec 1;98(3):191-202. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.05.007. Epub 2008 Jul 7. [Article]
  8. Olson KM, Duron DI, Womer D, Fell R, Streicher JM: Comprehensive molecular pharmacology screening reveals potential new receptor interactions for clinically relevant opioids. PLoS One. 2019 Jun 6;14(6):e0217371. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217371. eCollection 2019. [Article]
Details 2.Delta-type opioid receptor
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Opioid receptor activity
Specific Function
G-protein coupled receptor that functions as receptor for endogenous enkephalins and for a subset of other opioids. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine n...
Gene Name
OPRD1
Uniprot ID
P41143
Uniprot Name
Delta-type opioid receptor
分子量
40368.235 Da
References
  1. Thompson CM, Wojno H, Greiner E, May EL, Rice KC, Selley DE: Activation of G-proteins by morphine and codeine congeners: insights to the relevance of O- and N-demethylated metabolites at mu- and delta-opioid receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Feb;308(2):547-54. Epub 2003 Nov 4. [Article]
  2. Olson KM, Duron DI, Womer D, Fell R, Streicher JM: Comprehensive molecular pharmacology screening reveals potential new receptor interactions for clinically relevant opioids. PLoS One. 2019 Jun 6;14(6):e0217371. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217371. eCollection 2019. [Article]
Details 3.Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Ligand
General Function
Opioid receptor activity
Specific Function
Functions in lipid transport from the endoplasmic reticulum and is involved in a wide array of cellular functions probably through regulation of the biogenesis of lipid microdomains at the plasma m...
Gene Name
SIGMAR1
Uniprot ID
Q99720
Uniprot Name
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1
分子量
25127.52 Da
References
  1. Olson KM, Duron DI, Womer D, Fell R, Streicher JM: Comprehensive molecular pharmacology screening reveals potential new receptor interactions for clinically relevant opioids. PLoS One. 2019 Jun 6;14(6):e0217371. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217371. eCollection 2019. [Article]

Enzymes

Details 1.Cytochrome P450 2D6
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic...
Gene Name
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID
P10635
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2D6
分子量
55768.94 Da
References
  1. Hutchinson MR, Menelaou A, Foster DJ, Coller JK, Somogyi AA: CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 involvement in the primary oxidative metabolism of hydrocodone by human liver microsomes. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2004 Mar;57(3):287-97. [Article]
  2. Monte AA, Heard KJ, Campbell J, Hamamura D, Weinshilboum RM, Vasiliou V: The effect of CYP2D6 drug-drug interactions on hydrocodone effectiveness. Acad Emerg Med. 2014 Aug;21(8):879-85. doi: 10.1111/acem.12431. Epub 2014 Aug 24. [Article]
Details 2.Cytochrome P450 3A4
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
分子量
57342.67 Da
References
  1. Hutchinson MR, Menelaou A, Foster DJ, Coller JK, Somogyi AA: CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 involvement in the primary oxidative metabolism of hydrocodone by human liver microsomes. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2004 Mar;57(3):287-97. [Article]
  2. Monte AA, Heard KJ, Campbell J, Hamamura D, Weinshilboum RM, Vasiliou V: The effect of CYP2D6 drug-drug interactions on hydrocodone effectiveness. Acad Emerg Med. 2014 Aug;21(8):879-85. doi: 10.1111/acem.12431. Epub 2014 Aug 24. [Article]
Details 3.Cytochrome P450 2B6
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP2B6
Uniprot ID
P20813
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2B6
分子量
56277.81 Da
References
  1. FDA Label: Hydrocodone Tab ER [Link]
Details 4.Cytochrome P450 2C19
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and im...
Gene Name
CYP2C19
Uniprot ID
P33261
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C19
分子量
55930.545 Da
References
  1. FDA Label: Hydrocodone Tab ER [Link]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at December 20, 2022 02:12